Monument Type |
Description |
Organizations |
Characteristics |
|
Pier |
C-Bar Reinforced Concrete |
National Geodetic Society (NGS) |
- Wide range of applications
- Benign signal environment
- High level of position stability
- Inexpensive
- Repeatability in antenna positioning
- Long Term Survivability
|
Rebar Reinforced Concrete |
- Bay Area Regional Deformation (BARD)
- Western Canada Deformation Array (WCDA)
- University NAVSTAR Consortium (UNAVCO)
|
- Most commonly used monument type
|
H-beam |
New Mexico State Highway and Transportation Department |
|
Helical |
United States Geological Survey (USGS) |
- Excellent Vertical and Horizontal Stability
|
Rod |
Stainless Steel |
WCDA |
- Long Term Stability
- Minimal effects from temporal solar radiant heating
|
Metal Rod Brace |
- Southern California Integrated GPS Network (SCIGN)
- Basin and Range Geodetic Network (BARGEN)
- Pacific Northwest Geodetic Array (PANGA)
|
|
Invar rod encased in concrete |
UNAVCO |
- Good Stability
- Very low thermal expansion
- Low multipath signals
|
Mast |
Rohn Tower |
U.S. Coast Guard |
- Large heights can be used to reduce obstructions
- Concrete monuments used to anchor masts
|
Stainless Steel |
GPS Earth Observation Network of Japan (GEONET) |
Chain Link Fence Post |
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA)
- Forecast Systems Laboratory (FSL)
|
- Inadvisable for geodetic purposes, consider other monumentation choices
|
Building |
Rooftop |
- Texas Department of Transportation's (TXDOT)
- Regional Reference Points (RRP)
- SATLOC
|
- Inadvisable for geodetic purposes due to instabilities; consider other monumentation choices
- If unavoidable, choose a load-bearing wall on a low-elevation building -Foundation of building must be stable
- Larger buildings have more instability
- Use vertical and horizontal stability measuring instruments to keep track of the movement of the building
|
Wall Mounted |
- Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics of the University of California, San Diego (IGPP-UCSD)
|
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